What is Crankshaft? What is the Crankshaft Made of?

 

The crankshaft is an important part of the engine. Supports the force from the connecting rod, which is converted into torque. Torque is output from the crankshaft and activates other components of the engine. The crankshaft is subjected to the combined action of the centrifugal force of the rotating mass, the periodically changing gas inertial force, and the reciprocating inertial force, and as a result, the crankshaft is subjected to bending and torsional loads. Therefore, the crankshaft must have sufficient strength and stiffness, and the crankshaft surface must be wear-resistant, work evenly, and be balanced.

In order to reduce the mass of the crankshaft and the centrifugal force generated in the motion, the crankshaft journals are often hollow. The surface of each journal has oil holes that allow oil to be introduced or drawn out to lubricate the surface of the journal. To reduce stress concentrations, the connection between the main column, crankpin, and crank arm is connected by a transition arc.

crankshaft

The crankshaft is generally forged from medium carbon steel or medium carbon steel alloy steel. In order to improve wear resistance and fatigue resistance, the surface of the journal is subjected to high-frequency quenching or nitriding treatment and is finely pulverized to meet the requirements of higher surface hardness and surface roughness. Linked with the connecting rod, it converts the gas pressure acting on the piston into rotational force and transmits it to the transmission mechanism of the chassis. At the same time drive the valve system and other auxiliary equipment, such as fans, water pumps, generators, etc.

When the bent bearing is working, it is affected by gas pressure, inertial force, and inertia and the force become larger and more complicated, and it is affected by the interactive load. Meanwhile, since the crankshaft is a high-speed rotating part, the crankshaft is required to have sufficient rigidity and strength, impact resistance, wear resistance, and lubricity.

  • What is the crankshaft made of?

The crankshaft usually consists of the main shaft, a connecting shaft, a crank, a balance weight, a front end, and a rear end. The main shaft, the connecting shaft, and the crank form a crank, and the number of cranks of the crankshaft is the same as the number of cylinders (in-line engine). The V-engine has the same number of crankshafts. The number of cylinders is halved.

The main shaft is the supporting part of the crankshaft and is supported by the main bearing sheet of the crankcase through the main bearing. The number of main bearings depends not only on the number of engine cylinders but also on how the crankshaft is supported. There are generally two methods of supporting the crankshaft. One is a fully supported crankshaft and the other is a crankshaft that is not fully supported.

crankshaft

The connecting rod journal of the crankshaft is the connecting part of the crankshaft and the connecting rod. It is connected with the main journal through the crank, and the connection is transitioned with an arc to reduce stress concentration. In-line engines have the same number of connecting rod journals as the number of cylinders. The number of connecting rod journals in a V-type engine is equal to half the number of cylinders.

The front end of the crankshaft is equipped with timing gear, a pulley that drives the fan and the water pump, and a starting claw. In order to prevent the oil from leaking along with the crankshaft journal, an oil slinger is installed at the front end of the crankshaft, and an oil seal is installed on the gear chamber cover. The rear end of the crankshaft is used to install the flywheel, and an oil gear flange and an oil return thread are formed between the rear journal and the flange of the flywheel to prevent the oil from leaking backward.

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